For CPA candidates, the concept of materiality is like the compass for an explorer; it guides auditors in deciding what is important enough to deserve attention. Materiality is about setting thresholds above which discrepancies must be investigated and potentially corrected. It is a crucial topic in the US CPA exams and serves to align the audit with the needs of financial statement users. It's important to understand that materiality can be both quantitative and qualitative in nature.

Materiality is generally applied in two stages during an audit:

1. Planning Materiality: This is used to establish the scope of the audit and identify the accounts and transactions that will be examined.

2. Performance Materiality: This is a lower threshold and is used during the execution of the audit to evaluate the materiality of discrepancies and omissions.

Example: Let’s say you are auditing a corporation with $100 million in annual revenue. During your audit, you discover a discrepancy in the inventory account amounting to $200,000. Quantitatively, this discrepancy may seem immaterial when compared to the revenue. However, if this discrepancy is tied to executive bonuses, then its qualitative impact is high, making it material.

Each of these terms is essential for anyone planning to take the US CPA exams, and understanding them deeply can help you excel not just in your exams but also in your future auditing career.